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Revision as of 04:37, 14 June 2016

Russian Empire is, or was selected as the Featured Article of the Week!

The Government of the Russian Empire is the Official Page of Russia
The Government of the Russian Empire is led by Tsar Vladmir I

The Empire of Russia (Императорский царизма в России), is a country in northern Eurasia. With the largest empire in the world, Russia is a respected world power with a unique culture and society.

The Tsardom of Russia's leadership is a constitutional monarchy, in which the emperor (tsar) exercises supreme power. Emperor Vladimir I (Vladimir Petrovich Romanov) is the current monarch of Russia. The heir to the crown is the Emperor's son, the tsarevich, Ivan VI (Ivan Vladimirovich Romanov). The Prime Minister of Russia, who has limited power beneath the Tsars, and heads the emperor's Council of Ministers, is Kazimir Kovlovsky.

In 1721, Tsar Peter I of the Tsardom of Russia officially converted the tsardom to the Empire of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad. Although, officially, all monarchs of Russia are to hold the title "Emperor of Russia", the ceremonial and traditional title of "tsar" is still commonly, yet incorrectly, used.

Tsar Peter I's son, Vladimir, soon arose to the throne in 1744. Following his reign was a line of various emperors, in order: Ivan VI, Venyamin I, and Gabriel I. Following the abdication of Gabriel I, Vladimir I once again rose to power and continues to rule as emperor.

Tsardom of Russia
Russian imperial flag1
The Russian Imperial Flag

Capital

St Petersburg

Language

Russian

Religion

Russian Orthodox

Government

Absolute Monarchy

Emperor

Vladimir I

Heir to Throne

Ivan VI

Legislature

Council of Ministers, Nobles Congregation (Boyar Duma)

Prime Minister

Kazimir Kovlovsky

Population

45,850,000

Area

23,700,000 square kilometres

     

Geography

Physical

The Russian Empire straddles both the Asian and European continents, split roughly 75% and 25% in each continent, respectively. Stretching from the eastern extent of the Baltic Sea in the west to the Northern Pacific Ocean in the Far East, and from the Caspian Sea in the south to the Arctic Ocean in the north, Russia covers more than one-eighth of world's land area.

At 45,850,000 square kilometres (17,702,783 square miles), the Russian Empire is the largest empire in the world. As such, it encompasses a wide range of ecosystems and biomes. While the western extremities of the empire are not uncharacteristic of the rest of Europe, the central and eastern Siberian steppes consist of both vast prairies and heavily wooded forests. The Ural Mountains, stretching down the spine of Russia's European-Asian division, and the Caucasus Mountains, occupying the area between the Black and Caspian Seas, make up the tallest mountains in the world. The Western Kazakh-Ciscaucasusian area, as well as the Ukrainian steppes (both within the southwest of the empire), are considered the empire's "breadbasket" for their arable land fed by the Volga, Don, and Dnieper Rivers; these areas account for more than half of the empire's agricultural production. The extreme north of Siberia, the Siberian islands, and the North American colony of Alaska, mostly dominated by tundra and permafrost, are by and large uninhabitable.

Political

The Russian Empire is subdivided into eighteen gubernii (губернии), or governorates. Each is operated under the jurisdiction of a royally-appointed governor, as well as a local council of boyars. The eighteen governorates are listed below:

Governorate (Russian) Governorate (English) Capital
Архангелогородская Arkhangelsk (Arkhangelogorodskaya) Arkhangelsk
Астраханская Astrakhan (Astrakhanskaya) Astrakhan
Азовская Azov (Azovskaya) Voronezh
Выборгская Vyborg (Viyborgskaya) Kexholm
Белору́ссиская Belorussia (Belorussiskaya) Minsk
Иркутская Irkutsk (Irkutskaya) Irkutsk
Каза́нская Kazan (Kazanskaya) Kazan
Киевская Kiev (Kievskaya) Kiev
Курляндиская Courland (Kurlandiskaya) Reval
Московская Moscow (Moskovskaya) Moscow
Новоросси́йская Novorossiya (Novorossiyskaya) Yekaterinoslav
Нижегородская Nizhniy Novgorod (Nizhegorodskaya) Nizhniy Novgorod
Рижская Riga (Rizhskaya) Riga
Санкт-Петербу́ргская Saint Petersburg (Sankt-Peterburgskaya) Saint Petersburg
Смоле́нская Smolensk (Smolenskaya) Smolensk
Тифлисская Tiflis (Tiflisskaya) Tiflis
Тобольская Tobolsk (Tobolskaya) Tobolsk
Ярославская Yaroslavl (Yaroslavskaya) Yaroslavl

In addition to the eighteen imperial governorates, the Russian Empire also lays claim to three additional provinces, all of which are noncontiguous with the empire: the Grand Duchy of Serbia, a Balkan state inherited in 1744 by the Romanov crown (capital Belgrade); the island of Cyprus, purchased from the Ottoman Empire and host to Russia's first Mediterranean fleet (capital Limassol); and the Alaskan-Yukon territories of North America, mostly trapping and whaling colonies first established in 1743 (capital: Novoarkhangelsk).

Government

Foreign Relations

Flag: Country: Leader(s): Relation:
Austriag
Austria
  • Neutral
  • Indifferent
Yarrcourt
Brethren Court
  • Allied
  • Friendly
Danish
Denmark
  • Neutral
  • Indifferent
Francef
France
  • Allied
  • Friendly
Genoa
Genoa
  • Neutral
  • Indifferent
Union jack
Great Britain & Ireland
  • Neutral
  • Friendly
Moroc1
Morocco
  • Neutral
  • Indifferent
Netherlandsf
Netherlands
  • Neutral
  • Indifferent
Screen Shot 2012-11-27 at 6. 18
Poland-Lithuania
  • Neutral
  • Indifferent
Portugals
Portugal
  • Neutral
  • Indifferent
Savoy
Sardinia
  • Neutral
  • Indifferent
Spains
Spain
  • Neutral
  • Friendly
SwissFlag
Switzerland
  • Neutral
  • Indifferent

The Russian Empire

Map of the Russian Empire

Major Russian Protectorates

Europe

  • Serbia
  • Moldavia
  • Bessarabia
  • Kosovo
  • Cyprus
  • Courland
  • Semigalia
  • Livonia
  • Karelia
  • Vyborg
  • Novgorod
  • Yaroslavl
  • Smolensk
  • Belorussia
  • Ukraine
  • Saratov
  • Muscovy
  • Kazan

Asia / Middle East

  • Palestine
  • Kyrgyzstan
  • Tajikistan
  • Uzbekistan
  • Turkmenistan
  • Mongolia
  • Sakhalin
  • Heilongjiang

Americas

  • Alaska
  • Yukon
  • Nunavit

Territorial History

The following acquisitions all occurred under Emperor Vladimir I

  • April 22, 1745: Russia invades and briefly occupies Prussia, before granting independence
  • June 3, 1745: Russia invades and annexes Mongolia
  • June 20, 1745: Russia purchases and annexes Siam
  • June 30, 1745: Russia trades Armenian and Circassian land to Ottoman Empire for Cyprus
  • July 27, 1745: Russia purchases and annexes the free Balkan state of Montenegro
  • September 20 - October 10, 1745: A series of expeditions and Russian claims in the Siberian islands
  • October 21, 1745: Tatar states of Kyrgyz and Tajik conquered and annexed
  • November 15, 1745: Russia purchases and annexes the state of Serbia from the Ottoman Empire
  • November 16, 1745: A deal among Russia, Ottoman Empire, and Poland-Lithuania in which the latter is granted independence, and Russia gains Palestine from the Ottoman Empire

​The following acquisitions all occurred under Emperor Ivan VIII

  • Februrary 2., 1746: Great Britain declares war on Russia
  • Februrary 3, 1746: Great Britain invades Russia; later pulls out troops and returns independence to Russia
  • February 15, 1746: Negotiations are held with leader of Spain, Pearson Wright; no progress made
  • February 15, 1746: Spain invades Russia; Russia declares complete isolation from Spain, exiling leader Pearson Wright into Siberia

The following acquisitions all occurred under Emperor Gabriel I

  • February 19, 1746: Tensions settle, the Qing Dynasty and the Russian Empire are officially one and under Emperor Gabriel I

The following acquisitions occurred under Emperor Vladimir I

  • June 18, 1746: Following Emperor Gabriel's abdication, Vladimir I once again resumes the title of emperor
  • The Qing Dynasty of China is returned to Emperor Sheng, following his abdication from Russia

Governmental and Royalty Officials

Russian Royal Family

  • His Imperial Majesty The Emperor and Autocrat of all the Russias Vladimir Petrovich Romanov I
  • His Imperial Majesty The Crowned Prince of all the Russias Ivan Vladimirovich Romanov VI
  • His Imperial Majesty Prince Devid Vladimirovich Romanov I
  • Her Imperial Majesty Princess Elizaveta Vladimirivna Romanov II

Russian Imperial Court

  • Head of the Imperial Court (Prime Minister) --Corovin Akimivich Romanavinski
  • Speaker of the Court (Lord Chancellor) -- N/A
  • Minister of War—N/A
  • Minister of the Interior -- Venyamin Makmorgn
  • Minister of Religion—N/A
  • Minister of Finance—N/A
  • Minister of Navy—N/A
  • Minister of Defense—N/A

Russian Orthodox Church

  • Primate of Moscow -- Ivan Vladimirovich Ramonov VI
  • Bishop of St. Petersburg --
  • Bishop of Kazan --
  • Bishop of Novgorod --
  • Bishop of Kiev --

Foreign Ministers and Embassies

  • Great Britain and Ireland (London Embassy) --
  • Prussia (Berlin Embassy) --
  • France (Paris Embassy) --
  • Netherlands (Den Haag Embassy) --
  • Spain (Madrid Embassy) --
  • Portugal (Lisbon Embassy) --
  • Ottoman Empire (Constantinople Embassy) --
  • Roumania (Bucharest Embassy)
  • Sweden (Stockholm Embassy) --
  • Denmark-Norway (Copenhagen Embassy) --
  • Poland-Lithuania (Warsaw Embassy) --
  • Austria (Vienna Embassy) --
  • Hungary (Budapest Embassy) --
  • Genoa (Genoa Embassy) --
  • Sardinia (Turin Embassy) --
  • Bavaria (Munich Embassy) --
  • Saxony (Dresden Embassy) --
  • Switzerland (Zurich Embassy) --
  • Württemberg (Stuttgart Embassy) --

The Russian Empire takes pride in its active diplomatic outreach to other nations; they boast the most embassies of any country throughout Europe. Presently Russian foreign ministers are attempting to establish and strengthen new embassies in Kyoto, Japan; Sepahan, Persia; Beijing, China; Hanseong, Korea; Tunis, Barbary Republic; Aussa, Abyssinia; and Kathmandu, Nepal.

In addition to the listed embassies, the Russian Empire also holds several consulates throughout the world to better international relations. These consulates include locations such as Dublin, Edinburgh (Great Britain and Ireland); Hamburg (Prussia); Toulon, Cherbourg (France); Amsterdam (Netherlands); Barcelona, Rome, Naples, Havana (Spain); Rio de Janeiro (Portugal); Cairo, Jerusalem (Ottoman Empire); Oslo (Denmark-Norway); Kaunas, Gdansk, Florence (Poland-Lithuania); Cagliari (Sardinia); and Geneva (Switzerland). The Spanish consulate in Havana, Cuba, and the Portuguese consulate in Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, are the first Russian legations in the Western Hemisphere, as part of Russia's new colonial outreach programme. Russia has also expressed interest in establishing consulates in Manila (Spain), Batavia (Netherlands), Bombay and Singapore (Great Britain).

In addition to these internationally-recognised envoys, Russia also holds embassies as tribute to other entities. For example, the Russian embassy to the Holy Roman Empire is located in Vienna, with consulates in Prague and Regensburg. Likewise, an embassy supporting the 8th Brethren Court has been established in Cagliari, Sardinia, though this is subject to be moved to the Caribbean sometime in the near future.

History

Previous Tsars

  • Ivan IV (1547 - 1584); House of Rurik
  • Fyodor I (1584 - 1598); House of Rurik
  • Boris I (1598 - 1605); House of Godunov
  • Fyodor II (1605); House of Godunov
  • Dmitri II (1605 - 1606); House of Godunov
  • Vasili IV (1606 - 1610); House of Rurik
  • Mikhail I (1613 - 1645); House of Romanov
  • Alexei I (1645 - 1676); House of Romanov
  • Fyodor III (1676 - 1682); House of Romanov
  • Ivan V (1682 - 1696); House of Romanov
  • Peter I (1692 - 1725); House of Romanov
  • Venyamin I (1725 - 1735); House of Romanov
  • Andrei I (1735 - 1744); House of Volkov
  • Vladimir I (1744 - 1746); House of Romanov
  • Mikhail II (1744 - 1745); House of Volkov
  • Ivan VI (1746 - 1746); House of Romanov
  • Venyamin II (1746 - 1746); House of Romanov
  • Gabriel I (1746 - 1746); House of Volkov
  • Vladimir I (1746 - ); House of Romanov

Russian History

Early Slavic Inhabitant and the Kievan Rus

Russia's history dates back to the 9th century A.D., when Slavic traders from north-eastern Europe known as Varangians gained access to the Russian mainland via the Baltic Sea. Upon further exploration into the land, the Slavs established trading cities throughout, most notably Novgorod. Upon venturing further south into the Black Sea and Caspian Sea regions, the Varangians established more cities, including Kiev. Eventually, these cities prospered over time, and adapted their own governments. These governments acted as independent states, called a "Rus". In 882, the Kievan Rus was founded, and the first line of grand dukes entered the Kievan Golden Age. Within the next centuries, more city-states would emerge, including the Grand Duchy of the Moscovy Rus, the Kazan Rus, and the Novgorod Rus.

Mongol Conquest

In the late 12th century, land in the east, mostly inhabited by the Islamic Tatar tribes, fell under command of the Golden Horde, the portion of the Mongol Empire led by Temujin "Genghis" Khan. As the Mongol Empire expanded, the Golden Horde's influence, under different leaders, eventually crossed the Ural Mountains (acting as a boundary between Europe and Asia) and gained a hold on the governing city-states in the west. By the 1300s, nearly all of Russia had fallen into Mongolian-Tatar control.

Ivan the Terrible

During the 15th century, the Russian city-states lay in harsh turmoil. In 1547, however, Tsar Ivan IV (the "Terrible") led a revolt on the oppressive Mongols, and eventually freed western Russia from their rule. The same year, Ivan IV united all the freed Russian city-states, and declared himself first Tsar (Caesar) of "all the Russias". During his long reign (1547-1584) Ivan IV nearly doubled the already expanding Russian Tsardom, established a strong central government (including the a parliamentarian figure, the Russian Imperial Court), and established the Russian capital in the Moscovy Rus, now called Moscow.

The Romanov Dynasty

However, Russia's progress soon declined due to a line of weak rulers, and continuing wars with Poland-Lithuania, Sweden, the Crimean Khanate (a final incarnation of the Golden Horde), the Byzantine Empire, Persia, and the Ottoman Empire respectively. However, by the mid 1600s, Tsar Mikhail I came to power in Russia, and began a lasting dynasty known as the Romanov rule. Under the Romanov leaders, Russia conquered foes such as the Ottoman Empire and Persia, increased its size further, and improved the military with the addition of the Cossacks, noble yet zealous warriors hailing from the Ukrainian steppes. During this time, Russia also gained control of most of Ukraine (in addition to Kiev), after the Russo-Polish War.

Peter the Great

By the close of the 17th century, Russia had emerged as a world power, yet seemed isolated from the rest of the western world. In 1682, Tsar Peter I "the Great" came to power in the Tsardom of Russia. Under his rule, Russia would not only accomplish significant victories against Sweden and Poland-Lithuania in the Great Northern War, but would also be launched into a "cultural revolution". Under Peter the Great, art, literature, architecture, science, and music flourished in Russia, awarding them membership into the western world. Perhaps Peter I's greatest achievement, though, was the construction of St. Petersburg on the Baltic Sea in 1723. The city, the site of a captured Swedish fort, not only became the new Russian capital, but also a world mecca of culture, earning it the nickname the "Venice of the East".

In 1745, after the resignation of Tsar Andrei I, Tsar Mikhail II, the true heir to the throne, took over. Only days after his rule, though, he handed power over to a close friend and native Briton Vladimir I. However, after a breakdown by Tsar Vladimir I due to high pressure by numerous nations, he handed the throne down to his son, Tsar Ivan VIII. Later Tsar VIII invited former Tsar Venyamin I to hold the throne with him. Russia is now a diarchy.


Government

Like nations such as Great Britain, France, and Spain, Russia is a combined-government type of a kingdom (monarchy) and an empire. In 1721, Peter the Great had converted the Tsardom of Russia into the Empire of Russia. However, rather than take on the title of "Emperor", all Russian rulers since have kept the title of "Tsar".

Russia's kingdomship is officially an enlightened diarchy, in which almost all power is limited to the two tsars. However, a portion of the power belongs to the Russian Imperial Court, a parliamentarian group of politicians who are responsible for setting laws, proposing new ideas (to be approved by the tsars), and handling foreign relations. In addition, each member of the Imperial Court specializes in a certain field (e.g., the Minister of Finance, the Minister of Religion) and act as advisers to the tsars.


Economy

The Russian economy is a free-market one, like all other European competitors. However, due to recent philosophies and ideologies, Russia has begun experimenting with a socialist-based economy.

Russian trade is mercantile-based. The primary trade company (owned by the Tsars and the Imperial Court) is the Russian Trade Federation, operating out of the imperial capital St. Petersburg. Other notable Russian trade cities include Arkhangelsk on the White Sea, Odessa on the Black Sea, Baku on the Caspian Sea, Magadan in the Sea of Okhotsk, and Vladivostok on the Pacific Ocean.

Though the Russian economy is ran by either of the Russian Tsars (in this case, Vladimir I), both the Minister of Finance and the Minister of Trade and Commerce, both members of the Russian Imperial Court, have a strong influence in the economy. All new taxes are to be proposed by the Russian Imperial Court, and submitted for approval to the Tsars. The Imperial Court is headed by the prime minister, who is the head of the legislative body and is immediately given all autocratic authority should both tsars be absent, ill, or killed. The successor of the prime minister is the Speaker of the Court, who also acts as the voice of the Imperial Court.

The current Russian currency is the Ruble (also spelled Rouble). The current Russian average network income and growth revenue (as of 1745) is estimated at 5.2 billion Rubles (112 million British Schillings), making Russia the second richest nation in the world, only behind Great Britain.

Gallery

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